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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Python-学习(三)</h1>
        

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        <p>####1. 斐波纳契数列<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 两个元素的总和确定了下一个数</span><br><span class="line">a, b = 0, 1</span><br><span class="line">while b &lt; 10:</span><br><span class="line">	print(b)</span><br><span class="line">	a, b = b, a + b</span><br><span class="line">	pass</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>打印结果：<br><img src="https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3110861-6bb8880f639b9bcf.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240" alt="图1.png"><br><a id="more"></a></p>
<p>####2. end 关键字</p>
<ul>
<li>关键字end可以用于将结果输出到同一行，或者在输出的末尾添加不同的字符<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 两个元素的总和确定了下一个数</span><br><span class="line">a, b = 0, 1</span><br><span class="line">while b &lt; 10:</span><br><span class="line">	print(b, end=&quot;,&quot;) # 将文本输入在同一行</span><br><span class="line">	a, b = b, a + b</span><br><span class="line">	pass</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>打印结果：<br><img src="https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3110861-8d3742f4a6f61039.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240" alt="图2.png"></p>
<p>####3. 数字猜谜游戏<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 数字猜谜游戏</span><br><span class="line">number = 7</span><br><span class="line">guess = -1</span><br><span class="line">print(&quot;数字猜谜游戏&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">while guess != number:</span><br><span class="line">	guess = int(input(&quot;请输入你猜的数字: &quot;))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	if guess == number:</span><br><span class="line">		print(&quot;恭喜你猜对了&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">	elif guess &lt; number:</span><br><span class="line">		print(&quot;猜的数字小了&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">	elif guess &gt; number:</span><br><span class="line">		print(&quot;猜的数字大了&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">	pass</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>打印结果：<br><img src="https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3110861-387f4f5aebbeedfe.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240" alt="图3.png"></p>
<p>####4. 循环</p>
<ul>
<li>while 循环<br>1). Python中while语句的一般形式：<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">while 判断条件：</span><br><span class="line">    语句</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>同样需要注意冒号和缩进。另外，在Python中没有do..while循环<br>2). while 循环使用 else 语句<br>在 while … else 在条件语句为 false 时执行 else 的语句块：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">count = 0</span><br><span class="line">while count &lt; 5:</span><br><span class="line">   print (count, &quot; 小于 5&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">   count = count + 1</span><br><span class="line">else:</span><br><span class="line">   print (count, &quot; 大于或等于 5&quot;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<ul>
<li>for 语句<br>Python for循环可以遍历任何序列的项目，如一个列表或者一个字符串。<br>for循环的一般格式如下：<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for &lt;variable&gt; in &lt;sequence&gt;:</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;statements&gt;</span><br><span class="line">else:</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;statements&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>3). break和continue语句及循环中的else子句<br>break 语句可以跳出 for 和 while 的循环体。如果你从 for 或 while 循环中终止，任何对应的循环 else 块将不执行。<br>4). pass 语句<br>Python pass是空语句，是为了保持程序结构的完整性。</p>
<p>####5. range()函数<br>如果你需要遍历数字序列，可以使用内置range()函数。它会生成数列<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for i in range(5):</span><br><span class="line">       print(i)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>####6. 迭代器</p>
<ul>
<li>迭代器有两个基本的方法：iter() 和 next()<br>1). iter()函数<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list=[1,2,3,4]</span><br><span class="line">it = iter(list)    # 创建迭代器对象</span><br><span class="line">for x in it:</span><br><span class="line">    print (x, end=&quot; &quot;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>2). next()函数<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import sys         # 引入 sys 模块</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">list=[1,2,3,4]</span><br><span class="line">it = iter(list)    # 创建迭代器对象</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">while True:</span><br><span class="line">    try:</span><br><span class="line">        print (next(it))</span><br><span class="line">    except StopIteration:</span><br><span class="line">        sys.exit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>####7. 生成器<br>在 Python 中，使用了 yield 的函数被称为生成器（generator）。普通函数不同的是，生成器是一个返回迭代器的函数，只能用于迭代操作，更简单点理解生成器就是一个迭代器。在调用生成器运行的过程中，每次遇到 yield 时函数会暂停并保存当前所有的运行信息，返回 yield 的值, 并在下一次执行 next() 方法时从当前位置继续运行。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import sys</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">def fibonacci(n): # 生成器函数 - 斐波那契</span><br><span class="line">    a, b, counter = 0, 1, 0</span><br><span class="line">    while True:</span><br><span class="line">        if (counter &gt; n): </span><br><span class="line">            return</span><br><span class="line">        yield a</span><br><span class="line">        a, b = b, a + b</span><br><span class="line">        counter += 1</span><br><span class="line">f = fibonacci(10) # f 是一个迭代器，由生成器返回生成</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">while True:</span><br><span class="line">    try:</span><br><span class="line">        print (next(f), end=&quot; &quot;)</span><br><span class="line">    except StopIteration:</span><br><span class="line">        sys.exit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>

      
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